Useful Information for Owners
The Maltese is an affectionate, intelligent dog with an elegant coat, but, like all breeds, it is subject to certain hereditary diseases and typical health problems. Knowing the most common pathologies and knowing how to prevent them is essential to guarantee a long and healthy life for your four-legged friend.
Below, we analyze the main diseases that can affect the Maltese and provide useful advice on how to prevent them.
1. Dental problems
Maltese are predisposed to dental problems, including tartar buildup, gingivitis and periodontitis, due to their small mouths and predisposition to retaining baby teeth.
Prevention:
- Brush your dog's teeth at least 3 times a week with a specific dog toothpaste.
- Provide treats and chew toys to reduce tartar buildup.
- Perform periodic veterinary checks to assess the state of oral health.
2. Eye problems
The Maltese is subject to several eye diseases, such as:
- Epiphora (excessive tearing): Can cause brownish spots under the eyes.
- Cataracts: May occur with age and impair vision.
- Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA): Degenerative disease that leads to blindness.
Prevention:
- Clean the eye contour regularly with specific wipes to prevent epiphora.
- Have regular eye exams to detect any problems early.
- Incorporate antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids into your diet for eye health.
3. Patellar dislocation
Many Maltese suffer from patellar luxation , a condition in which the kneecap moves out of its natural position, causing lameness and, in severe cases, arthritis.
Prevention:
- Avoid excessive jumps from high heights.
- Keep your dog fit to reduce the strain on their joints.
- Supplement your diet with chondroprotectors (glucosamine and chondroitin) to strengthen your joints.
- Monitor symptoms and consult a veterinarian at the first signs of lameness.
4. Skin problems and allergies
Maltese have sensitive skin and can develop dermatitis, food allergies, and skin infections.
Prevention:
- Feed your dog high-quality food, avoiding potentially allergenic ingredients (such as grains and artificial additives).
- Bathe regularly with gentle shampoos specifically designed for sensitive skin.
- Dry the coat well after bathing or rain to prevent fungus and skin infections.
- Seek veterinary attention in case of persistent itching, redness or skin lesions.
5. Liver Problems – Portosystemic Shunt
Portosystemic shunt is a congenital condition in which blood bypasses the liver, preventing proper detoxification. It can lead to symptoms such as lethargy, vomiting, weight loss, and seizures.
Prevention:
- Buy puppies from reputable breeders who perform genetic testing on the breeding stock.
- Have regular veterinary check-ups, especially in the first months of life.
- Follow a specific diet if the dog suffers from this condition.
6. Tracheal collapse
Tracheal collapse is a common respiratory disease in Maltese, characterized by a narrowing of the trachea that causes chronic cough and breathing difficulties.
Prevention:
- Use a harness instead of a collar to avoid pressure on the trachea.
- Avoid dusty or smoky environments.
- Keep your dog at a healthy weight, as being overweight aggravates the problem.
7. Hypotrichosis and coat problems
The Maltese is known for its long, silky coat, but some specimens can suffer from hypotrichosis (reduced hair growth) or a brittle coat.
Prevention:
- Administer Omega-3 and Biotin supplements for coat health.
- Brush the coat daily to prevent knots and dirt build-up.
- Use high-quality coat care products.
Conclusion
The Maltese is a robust and long-lived dog, but its health depends a lot on prevention and daily care. With a balanced diet, regular veterinary checks and proper hygiene, it is possible to reduce the risk of many diseases.
Caring for your Maltese with love and attention will ensure a long and happy life for your faithful companion!
Do you have a Maltese and want to share your experience? Tell us in the comments what strategies you use to keep your four-legged friend healthy! 🐶✨
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